--- title: Leviticus 11:27 (JPS 1917) — And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all… · tree and pragmatics description: And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even. Who acts: beasts, whatsoever, whoso. Leviticus 11:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.281/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / [11:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.27/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 11:27 · JPS 1917 And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even. **Who acts:** beasts, whatsoever, whoso · **What happens:** go, be, touch · **To what, where:** paws, fours, carcass This is Leviticus 11:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beasts, whatsoever, whoso), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:281 # text = And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 2 whatsoever whatsoever PRON WP PronType=Ind 19 nsubj _ _ 3 goeth go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 4 upon upon ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 paws paw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 among among ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 10 det _ _ 10 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 15 fours four NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 unclean unclean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 20 unto unto ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 23 whoso whoso PRON WP PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 24 toucheth touch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 csubj _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 carcass carcass NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 29 cop _ _ 29 unclean unclean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 parataxis _ _ 30 until until ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 even even NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | present | | | | cud's paws | | among all beasts | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon paw=Location | | 2 | **go** | present | all beasts | | | all fours | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on four=Location | | 3 | **is** | present | whatsoever | | | | | unto you; unclean *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **touch** | present | whoso | beasts's carcass | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme carcass=Co-Theme | | 5 | **is** | shall | | | | | until the even | unclean *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ [Leviticus 11:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.27/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:281` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 11:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.280/) - next →: [Leviticus 11:28 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.282/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.27/)