--- title: Leviticus 11:31 (JPS 1917) — These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoe… · tree and pragmatics description: These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even. Who acts: These, whosoever, gecko. Leviticus 11:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.285/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / [11:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.31/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 11:31 · JPS 1917 These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even. **Who acts:** These, whosoever, gecko · **What happens:** be, swarm, touch · **To what, where:** gecko, you This is Leviticus 11:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, whosoever, gecko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:285 # text = These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even. 1 These this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 0 root _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 unclean unclean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ _ 9 among among ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 all all PRON DT PronType=Tot 6 obl _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 swarm swarm VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 14 whosoever whosoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 15 doth do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 csubj _ _ 17 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 when when SCONJ WRB _ 22 mark _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 22 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 advcl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 24 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 25 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 26 cop _ _ 26 unclean unclean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ _ 27 until until ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 even even NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | These | gecko | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | | | you | | | among all; unclean *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **swarm** | present | | | | | | | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **touch** | present · do-support | whosoever | gecko | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | gecko | | | | | dead *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | shall | | | | | until the even | unclean *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ [Leviticus 11:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:285` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 11:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.284/) - next →: [Leviticus 11:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.286/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.31/)