---
title: Leviticus 2:13 (JPS 1917) — And every meal-offering of thine shalt thou season with salt; neithe… · tree and pragmatics
description: And every meal-offering of thine shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meal-offering; with all thy offerings thou shalt offer salt. Who acts: thou, God, thy. Leviticus 2:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Leviticus 2:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And every meal-offering of thine shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meal-offering; with all thy offerings thou shalt offer salt.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, God, thy · **What happens:** season, suffer, lack, offer, covenant · **To what, where:** meal offering, salt, thine

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 2:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, God, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:29
# text = And every meal-offering of thine shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meal-offering; with all thy offerings thou shalt offer salt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
3	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	_
5	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thine	thy	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod	_	_
8	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
10	season	season	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	17	cc	_	_
15	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
17	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux	_	_
28	lacking	lack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	advcl	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
31	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	_
33	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	38	det:predet	_	_
37	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
39	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	41	nsubj	_	_
40	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
42	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **season** | shall | thou | every meal offering of thine |  |  |  | with salt | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent offering=Destination with salt=Theme |
| 2 | **suffer** | shall | thou | the salt of the covenant of thy God |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer salt=Stimulus |
| 3 | **lack** | to-infinitive · progressive | thou *not said here* |  |  | thy meal offering |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **offer** | shall | thou | salt |  |  |  | with thy offerings | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent salt=Theme |
| 5 | **offer** |  |  | thine |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **covenant** |  | thy God |  |  |  |  |  | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 7 | **offer** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **offer** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכָל־קָרְבַּ֣ן מִנְחָתְךָ֮ בַּמֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ וְלֹ֣א תַשְׁבִּ֗ית מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ מֵעַ֖ל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ עַ֥ל כָּל־קָרְבָּנְךָ֖ תַּקְרִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ס

[Leviticus 2:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.2.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:29` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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