---
title: Leviticus 11:41 (JPS 1917) — And every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestabl… · tree and pragmatics
description: And every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten. Who acts: swarming thing. Leviticus 11:41 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 11:41 · JPS 1917

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And every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten.

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**Who acts:** swarming thing · **What happens:** swarming, swarm, be, not eat · **To what, where:** earth, detestable thing

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This is Leviticus 11:41 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swarming thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:295
# text = And every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	swarming	swarming	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	amod	_	_
4	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	swarmeth	swarm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	detestable	detestable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swarming** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swarm** | present | every swarming thing |  |  | the earth |  |  | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | every swarming thing | a detestable thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **eat** | shall · passive |  | earth |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃

[Leviticus 11:41: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.41/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:295` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Leviticus 11:40 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.294/)
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- ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.41/)