--- title: Leviticus 11:42 (JPS 1917) — Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours… · tree and pragmatics description: Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing. Who acts: Whatsoever, swarming things, ye, things. Leviticus 11:42 in JPS 1917 with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.296/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / [11:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.42/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 11:42 · JPS 1917 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing. **Who acts:** Whatsoever, swarming things, ye, things · **What happens:** go, have, swarm, not eat, be · **To what, where:** belly, fours, many feet, earth, things, detestable thing This is Leviticus 11:42 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whatsoever, swarming things, ye, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:296 # text = Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing. 1 Whatsoever whatsoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 2 nsubj _ _ 2 goeth go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 upon upon ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 belly belly NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 whatsoever whatsoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 goeth go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 10 upon upon ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 12 det _ _ 12 fours four NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 or or CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 whatsoever whatsoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 16 hath have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 17 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 even even ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 21 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 22 swarming swarm VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 amod _ _ 23 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 25 swarm swarm VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 upon upon ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 31 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 34 nsubj _ _ 32 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 36 for for SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 detestable detestable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | present | Whatsoever | | | the belly | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon belly=Location | | 2 | **go** | present | whatsoever | | | all fours | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon four=Location | | 3 | **have** | present | whatsoever | many feet | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **swarm** | gerund | | | | | | | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **swarm** | present | all swarming things | | | the earth | | | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon earth=Location | | 6 | **not** **eat** | shall | ye | things *= thing* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 7 | **is a** | present | things *= thing* | a detestable thing | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹןוְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע עַ֚ד כָּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם לְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּם כִּי־שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵֽם׃ [Leviticus 11:42: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.42/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:296` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 11:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.295/) - next →: [Leviticus 11:43 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.297/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 11:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.42/)