---
title: Leviticus 16:31 (JPS 1917) — It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your s… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever. Who acts: atonement, ye. Leviticus 16:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 16:31 · JPS 1917

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It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.

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**Who acts:** atonement, ye · **What happens:** be, afflict · **To what, where:** sabbath, souls, statute

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This is Leviticus 16:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (atonement, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:490
# text = It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sabbath	sabbath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	statute	statute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | atonement | a sabbath |  |  |  | of solemn rest; unto you | tree rules |
| 2 | **afflict** | shall | ye | your souls |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | present | atonement | a statute |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃

[Leviticus 16:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.16.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:490` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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