---
title: Leviticus 19:13 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbour, nor rob him; the wages of a hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbour, nor rob him; the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning. Who acts: Thou, wages. Leviticus 19:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 19:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbour, nor rob him; the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning.

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**Who acts:** Thou, wages · **What happens:** not oppress, rob, hire, not abide · **To what, where:** neighbour, LORD

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This is Leviticus 19:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, wages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:554
# text = Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbour, nor rob him; the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	oppress	oppress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
9	rob	rob	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	hired	hire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	obl	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
24	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	until	until	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **oppress** | shall | Thou | thy neighbour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rob** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | LORD |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Source |
| 3 | **hire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **abide** | shall | the wages of a hired servant |  |  |  | morning; night | with thee | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֹֽא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל לֹֽא־תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃

[Leviticus 19:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:554` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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