---
title: Leviticus 19:18 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the child… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD. Who acts: Thou, I. Leviticus 19:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 19:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Thou, I · **What happens:** not take, bear, love, be · **To what, where:** vengeance, grudge, neighbour, LORD

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 19:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:559
# text = Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	grudge	grudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
20	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	21	obl	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | shall | Thou | vengeance |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | any grudge |  |  |  | against the children of thy people | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient |
| 3 | **love** | shall | thou | thy neighbour |  |  |  | as thyself | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃

[Leviticus 19:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:559` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Leviticus 19:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.558/)
- next →: [Leviticus 19:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.560/)
- ↑ back to [Leviticus 19:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.18/)