---
title: Leviticus 20:13 (JPS 1917) — And if a man lie with mankind, as with womankind, both of them have… · tree and pragmatics
description: And if a man lie with mankind, as with womankind, both of them have committed abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. Who acts: man, both, blood. Leviticus 20:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 20:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if a man lie with mankind, as with womankind, both of them have committed abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, both, blood · **What happens:** lie, commit, put, be · **To what, where:** abomination, father

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 20:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, both, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:592
# text = And if a man lie with mankind, as with womankind, both of them have committed abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mankind	mankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	womankind	womankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	committed	commit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
18	abomination	abomination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
30	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	parataxis	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a man |  |  |  |  | with mankind; as womankind | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **commit** | present · perfect | both | abomination |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abomination=Theme |
| 3 | **put** | shall · passive |  | father |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 4 | **is** | shall | father's blood |  |  |  |  | upon father | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃

[Leviticus 20:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:592` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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