---
title: Leviticus 20:18 (JPS 1917) — And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall u… · tree and pragmatics
description: And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people. Who acts: man, woman. Leviticus 20:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency 
---

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# Leviticus 20:18 · JPS 1917

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And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people.

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**Who acts:** man, woman · **What happens:** lie, have, uncover, make, cut off · **To what, where:** sickness, nakedness, fountain, both

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Leviticus 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:597
# text = And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sickness	sickness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	uncover	uncover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	nakedness	nakedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
23	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	uncovered	uncover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
37	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nmod	_	_
40	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
43	off	off	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	among	among	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	42	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** *a condition, not said to happen* | shall | a man |  |  |  |  | with a woman | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a woman *not said here* | woman's sickness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sickness=Patient |
| 3 | **uncover** | shall | a man *not said here* | woman's nakedness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | present · perfect | man | woman's fountain |  |  |  | naked *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fountain=Product |
| 5 | **uncover** | present · perfect | woman | the fountain of woman's blood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **cut off** | shall · passive |  | both |  |  |  | from father's people | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from people=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה וְגִלָּ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָהּ֙ אֶת־מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃

[Leviticus 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:597` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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