---
title: Leviticus 22:8 (JPS 1917) — That which dieth of itself, or is torn of beasts, he shall not eat t… · tree and pragmatics
description: That which dieth of itself, or is torn of beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD. Who acts: soul, I. Leviticus 22:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 22:8 · JPS 1917

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That which dieth of itself, or is torn of beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD.

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**Who acts:** soul, I · **What happens:** die, tear, not eat, defile, be · **To what, where:** That, soul, LORD

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This is Leviticus 22:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soul, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:639
# text = That which dieth of itself, or is torn of beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obj	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	therewith	therewith	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	LORD	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=warn, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of sun | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of itself=Causer |
| 2 | **tear** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of beasts | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: of beast=Trajectory |
| 3 | **not** **eat** | shall | soul | That |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 4 | **defile** | to-infinitive | soul *not said here* | soul |  |  |  | therewith *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
נְבֵלָ֧ה וּטְרֵפָ֛ה לֹ֥א יֹאכַ֖ל לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃

[Leviticus 22:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:639` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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