--- title: Leviticus 22:18 (JPS 1917) — Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Isra… · tree and pragmatics description: Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a bu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.649/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/22/) / [22:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.18/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 22:18 · JPS 1917 Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a burnt-offering; **Who acts:** you, Whosoever, strangers, offering, LORD, children · **What happens:** speak, say, be, bring, burn, offer · **To what, where:** offering, any, will offerings · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Leviticus 22:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Whosoever, strangers, offering), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:649 # text = Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a burnt-offering; 1 Speak speak VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 unto unto ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 Aaron Aaron PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 sons son NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 unto unto ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 14 det:predet _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _ 20 unto unto ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ _ 22 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 23 Whosoever whosoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 25 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 cop _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 ccomp _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 strangers stranger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 40 nsubj _ _ 40 bringeth bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 41 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ _ 42 offering offering NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 44 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 46 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 47 cop _ _ 47 any any PRON DT PronType=Ind 40 advcl _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 vows vow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 nmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 or or CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 53 any any PRON DT PronType=Ind 47 conj _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 55 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 60 nmod:poss _ _ 56 free free ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 amod _ _ 57 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 58 punct _ _ 58 will will NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 compound _ _ 59 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 58 punct _ _ 60 offerings offering NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 nmod _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 62 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 64 nsubj:pass _ _ 63 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 64 aux:pass _ _ 64 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 60 acl:relcl _ _ 65 unto unto ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 64 obl _ _ 68 for for ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 69 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 72 det _ _ 70 burnt burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 72 amod _ _ 71 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 72 punct _ _ 72 offering offering NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 obl _ _ 73 ; ; PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | unto Aaron and LORD's sons and all children of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | unto children *= child* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | infinitive | Whosoever | | | | | of the house or the strangers in Israel; of Israel | tree rules | | 4 | **bring** | present | the strangers in Israel | LORD's offering | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent offering=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | infinitive | offering | any | | | | of children's vows | tree rules | | 6 | **bring** | present · passive | | children's will offerings | | | | unto the LORD; for a burnt offering | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | | 7 | **burn** | participle | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **offer** | | LORD | | | | | | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 9 | **vow** | | children *= child* | | | | | | nom vow «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 10 | **offer** | | children *= child* | | | | | | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ לְכָל־נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ וּלְכָל־נִדְבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ [Leviticus 22:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:649` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 22:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.648/) - next →: [Leviticus 22:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.650/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 22:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.18/)