--- title: Leviticus 25:31 (JPS 1917) — But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about them s… · tree and pragmatics description: But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about them shall be reckoned with the fields of the country; they may be redeemed, and they shall go out in the jubilee. Who acts: villages. Leviticus 25:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.764/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/25/) / [25:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.25.31/) / JPS 1 # Leviticus 25:31 · JPS 1917 But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about them shall be reckoned with the fields of the country; they may be redeemed, and they shall go out in the jubilee. **Who acts:** villages · **What happens:** have, reckon, redeem, go out · **To what, where:** wall, houses, villages, jubilee This is Leviticus 25:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (villages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LEV:764 # text = But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about them shall be reckoned with the fields of the country; they may be redeemed, and they shall go out in the jubilee. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 villages village NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 8 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 9 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 10 det _ _ 10 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 round round ADV RB _ 13 case _ _ 12 about about ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ _ 14 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 15 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 reckoned reckon VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 redeemed redeem VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 conj _ _ 33 out out ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 jubilee jubilee NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the villages | no wall | | | | round villages *= village* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient | | 2 | **reckon** | shall · passive | | the houses of the villages | | | | with the fields of the country | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute | | 3 | **redeem** | may · passive | | villages *= village* | | | | | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **go out** | shall | villages *= village* | | | the jubilee | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וּבָתֵּ֣י הַחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־לָהֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב עַל־שְׂדֵ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב גְּאֻלָּה֙ תִּהְיֶה־לּ֔וֹ וּבַיֹּבֵ֖ל יֵצֵֽא׃ [Leviticus 25:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.25.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:764` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Leviticus 25:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.763/) - next →: [Leviticus 25:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.765/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 25:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.25.31/)