---
title: Leviticus 26:32 (JPS 1917) — And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwe… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it. Who acts: I, enemies. Leviticus 26:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Leviticus 26:32 · JPS 1917

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And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it.

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**Who acts:** I, enemies · **What happens:** bring, dwell, astonished · **To what, where:** land, desolation, enemies

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This is Leviticus 26:32 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LEV:820
# text = And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	astonished	astonished	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | future | I | the land |  | desolation |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent land=Theme into desolation=Destination |
| 2 | **dwell** | present | your enemies |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **astonished** | shall · passive |  | your enemies |  | desolation |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ׃

[Leviticus 26:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.26.32/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LEV:820` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Leviticus 26:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.819/)
- next →: [Leviticus 26:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.821/)
- ↑ back to [Leviticus 26:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.26.32/)