---
title: Numbers 28:31 (JPS 1917) — Beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, ye shall offer them — they shall be unto you without blemish—and their drink-offerings. Who acts: ye, offerings. Numbers 28:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 28:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, ye shall offer them — they shall be unto you without blemish—and their drink-offerings.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye, offerings · **What happens:** burn, offer, be · **To what, where:** offerings, continual burnt offering

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 28:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, offerings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1038
# text = Beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, ye shall offer them — they shall be unto you without blemish—and their drink-offerings.
1	Beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	continual	continual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	burnt	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
6	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
12	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
15	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
23	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	parataxis	_	_
25	without	without	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	blemish	blemish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
30	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	_
32	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | shall | ye | offerings *= offering* |  | the continual burnt offering and the meal offering |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall | offerings *= offering* |  |  |  |  | unto you; without blemish | tree rules |
| 4 | **offer** |  | offerings *= offering* |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִלְּבַ֞ד עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד וּמִנְחָת֖וֹ תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיוּ־לָכֶ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃פ

[Numbers 28:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.28.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1038` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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