---
title: Numbers 31:3 (JPS 1917) — And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian. Who acts: Moses, ye, people. Numbers 31:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 31:3 · JPS 1917

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And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian.

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**Who acts:** Moses, ye, people · **What happens:** speak, say, arm, go, execute · **To what, where:** men, Midian, vengeance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Numbers 31:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, ye, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1097
# text = And Moses spoke unto the people, saying: 'Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute the LORD'S vengeance on Midian.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Arm	Arm	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
25	against	against	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	execute	execute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod:poss	_	_
32	'S	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Moses |  |  |  |  | unto the people | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Moses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **arm** | infinitive | ye |  | men |  |  | from you; for the war | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
| 4 | **go** | may | people |  |  | Midian |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against midian=Location |
| 5 | **execute** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | LORD's vengeance |  | Midian |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר הֵחָלְצ֧וּ מֵאִתְּכֶ֛ם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לַצָּבָ֑א וְיִהְיוּ֙ עַל־מִדְיָ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת נִקְמַת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּמִדְיָֽן׃

[Numbers 31:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1097` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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