---
title: Numbers 31:16 (JPS 1917) — Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD. Who acts: these, children, plague, Peor. Numbers 31:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Numbers 31:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** these, children, plague, Peor · **What happens:** cause, revolt, break, be, matter · **To what, where:** children, counsel, faith, matter

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This is Numbers 31:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, children, plague, Peor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1110
# text = Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	revolt	revolt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
22	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Peor	Peor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
33	so	so	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
37	among	among	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | these | the children of Israel |  | the counsel of Balaam |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **revolt** | to-infinitive | the children of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **break** | to-infinitive | the children of Israel *not said here* | faith |  | the matter of Peor |  | with the LORD | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent faith=Patient with lord=Instrument |
| 4 | **is** | past | the plague |  |  |  |  | among the congregation; of the LORD | tree rules |
| 5 | **matter** |  | Peor |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הֵ֣ן הֵ֜נָּה הָי֨וּ לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֔ם לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃

[Numbers 31:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1110` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Numbers 31:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1109/)
- next →: [Numbers 31:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1111/)
- ↑ back to [Numbers 31:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.16/)