---
title: Numbers 31:17 (JPS 1917) — Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him. Who acts: you, woman. Numbers 31:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 31:17 · JPS 1917

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Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him.

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**Who acts:** you, woman · **What happens:** kill, know, lie · **To what, where:** male, woman, man

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This is Numbers 31:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1111
# text = Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp, act=request, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | imperative | you *not said here* | every male |  |  | now | among the little ones; therefore *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent male=Theme |
| 2 | **kill** | infinitive | you *not said here* | every woman |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme |
| 3 | **know** | present · perfect | every woman | man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 4 | **lie** | gerund | every woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with LORD | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃

[Numbers 31:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1111` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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