---
title: Numbers 31:20 (JPS 1917) — And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work… · tree and pragmatics
description: And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify.' Who acts: things, hair. Numbers 31:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 31:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, hair · **What happens:** make, purify, work · **To what, where:** things

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 31:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things, hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1114
# text = And as to every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats' hair, and all things made of wood, ye shall purify.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	garment	garment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	'	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
30	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	32	nsubj	_	_
31	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	purify	purify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of skin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | all things *not said here* |  |  |  | of wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **purify** | shall | all things |  |  |  |  | as every garment and all work of goats's hair | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **work** |  | goats's hair |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכָל־בֶּ֧גֶד וְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֛וֹר וְכָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּ֖ים וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֑ץ תִּתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ס

[Numbers 31:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1114` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Numbers 31:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1113/)
- next →: [Numbers 31:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1115/)
- ↑ back to [Numbers 31:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.20/)