---
title: Numbers 35:12 (JPS 1917) — And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment. Who acts: cities, manslayer. Numbers 35:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 35:12 · JPS 1917

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And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment.

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**Who acts:** cities, manslayer · **What happens:** be, not die, stand · **To what, where:** avenger, congregation

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This is Numbers 35:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cities, manslayer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1288
# text = And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	avenger	avenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	manslayer	manslayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	die	die	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
23	before	before	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | the cities |  |  | the avenger |  | for refuge; unto you | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **die** | infinitive | the manslayer |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **stand** | infinitive | manslayer |  |  | the congregation |  | for judgment | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before congregation=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֧ם הֶעָרִ֛ים לְמִקְלָ֖ט מִגֹּאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א יָמוּת֙ הָרֹצֵ֔חַ עַד־עָמְד֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃

[Numbers 35:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1288` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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