---
title: Numbers 35:18 (JPS 1917) — Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man… · tree and pragmatics
description: Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. Who acts: murderer, man. Numbers 35:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 35:18 · JPS 1917

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Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.

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**Who acts:** murderer, man · **What happens:** smite, die, be, put · **To what, where:** person, hand, murderer

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This is Numbers 35:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (murderer, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1294
# text = Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death.
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	parataxis	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | murderer | person |  | the hand |  | with a weapon of wood | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with weapon=Instrument |
| 2 | **die** | may | a man |  |  |  |  | whereby *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **die** | past | murderer |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is a** | present | murderer | a murderer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **put** | shall · passive |  | the murderer |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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א֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵֽץ־יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃

[Numbers 35:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1294` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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