---
title: Numbers 35:21 (JPS 1917) — or in enmity smote him with his hand, that he died; he that smote hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: or in enmity smote him with his hand, that he died; he that smote him shall surely be put to death: he is a murderer; the avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meeteth him. Who acts: murderer, avenger. Numbers 35:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Numbers 35:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
or in enmity smote him with his hand, that he died; he that smote him shall surely be put to death: he is a murderer; the avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meeteth him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** murderer, avenger · **What happens:** smite, die, put, be, meet · **To what, where:** murderer, enmity, avenger

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 35:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (murderer, avenger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1297
# text = or in enmity smote him with his hand, that he died; he that smote him shall surely be put to death: he is a murderer; the avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meeteth him.
1	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	enmity	enmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	avenger	avenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
40	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	42	mark	_	_
41	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	meeteth	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	advcl	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character, act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | past |  | murderer |  | enmity |  | with murderer's hand | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with hand=Instrument |
| 2 | **die** | past | murderer |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **smite** | past |  | murderer |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 4 | **put** | shall · passive |  | murderer |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 5 | **is a** | present | murderer | a murderer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **put** | shall | the avenger of blood | the murderer |  |  |  | to death | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent murderer=Goal |
| 7 | **meet** | present | murderer | avenger |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
א֣וֹ בְאֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֗ם יָמִ֛ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃

[Numbers 35:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1297` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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