---
title: Numbers 35:30 (JPS 1917) — Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth o… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die. Who acts: Whoso, one witness, murderer. Numbers 35:30 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 35:30 · JPS 1917

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Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die.

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**Who acts:** Whoso, one witness, murderer · **What happens:** kill, slay, not testify, die · **To what, where:** person, murderer, mouth

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This is Numbers 35:30 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whoso, one witness, murderer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1306
# text = Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die.
1	Whoso	whoso	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	killeth	kill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	testify	testify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
23	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	die	die	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present | Whoso | any person |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **slay** | shall · passive |  | the murderer |  | the mouth of witnesses |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **testify** *speech: other* | shall | one witness |  |  |  |  | against any person | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **die** | infinitive | murderer |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כָּל־מַ֨כֵּה־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְפִ֣י עֵדִ֔ים יִרְצַ֖ח אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד אֶחָ֔ד לֹא־יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ לָמֽוּת׃

[Numbers 35:30: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.30/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1306` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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