---
title: Numbers 35:31 (JPS 1917) — Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is… · tree and pragmatics
description: Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death. Who acts: ye, murderer. Numbers 35:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 35:31 · JPS 1917

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Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.

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**Who acts:** ye, murderer · **What happens:** take, be, put · **To what, where:** ransom, murderer

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This is Numbers 35:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, murderer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:1307
# text = Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	ransom	ransom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	put	put	VERB	VBN	VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | shall | ye | no ransom |  |  |  | for the life of a murderer; moreover *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ransom=Theme for life=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | a murderer |  |  |  |  | of death; guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | shall · passive |  | murderer |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְלֹֽא־תִקְח֥וּ כֹ֙פֶר֙ לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ רֹצֵ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא רָשָׁ֖ע לָמ֑וּת כִּי־מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃

[Numbers 35:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:1307` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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