--- title: Numbers 11:18 (JPS 1917) — And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow,… · tree and pragmatics description: And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. Who acts: thou, ye, flesh, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.453/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/11/) / [11:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.18/) / JPS 1 # Numbers 11:18 · JPS 1917 And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. **Who acts:** thou, ye, flesh, LORD · **What happens:** say, sanctify, eat, weep, give, be · **To what, where:** yourselves, flesh, we, Egypt, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Numbers 11:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, ye, flesh, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NUM:453 # text = And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 2 cc _ _ 2 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 2 nsubj _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 8 Sanctify Sanctify VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 9 yourselves yourselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 8 obj _ _ 10 against against ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 11 punct _ _ 13 morrow morrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 18 nsubj _ _ 17 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 19 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 for for SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 24 nsubj _ _ 23 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 wept weep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 parataxis _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 33 : : PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 34 Would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 ccomp _ _ 39 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 41 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 advcl _ _ 42 ! ! PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 43 for for SCONJ IN _ 48 mark _ _ 44 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 45 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 cop _ _ 46 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 48 advmod _ _ 47 with with ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 parataxis _ _ 49 in in ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 51 ; ; PUNCT : _ 56 punct _ _ 52 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nsubj _ _ 55 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 56 aux _ _ 56 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 parataxis _ _ 57 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 56 iobj _ _ 58 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obj _ _ 59 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 61 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 63 nsubj _ _ 62 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 63 aux _ _ 63 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 56 conj _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | thou | | | | | unto the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **sanctify** | infinitive | | yourselves | | | | against morrow | tree rules | | 3 | **eat** | shall | ye | flesh | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient | | 4 | **weep** | present · perfect | ye | | | | | in the ears of the LORD | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in ear=Theme | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | ye *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **give** | would · passive | | we | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient flesh=Theme | | 7 | **eat** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | past | flesh | | | Egypt | | with us; well *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **give** | future | the LORD | flesh | you | | | therefore *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient flesh=Theme | | 10 | **eat** | shall | ye | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֶל־הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֮ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַאֲכִלֵ֙נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי־ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם׃ [Numbers 11:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:453` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Numbers 11:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.452/) - next →: [Numbers 11:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.454/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 11:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.18/)