---
title: Numbers 13:2 (JPS 1917) — 'Send thou men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I gi… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Send thou men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel; of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a prince among them.' Who acts: thou, men, I, ye. Numbers 13:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 13:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Send thou men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel; of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a prince among them.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, men, I, ye · **What happens:** send, spy out, give · **To what, where:** men, land, man

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 13:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, men, I, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:488
# text = 'Send thou men, that they may spy out the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel; of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a prince among them.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
4	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	spy	spy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Canaan	Canaan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	det	_	_
27	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nsubj	_	_
33	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	38	det	_	_
38	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
41	among	among	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | infinitive | thou | men |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 2 | **spy out** | may | men *= man* | the land of Canaan |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus |
| 3 | **give** | present | I | the land of Canaan |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 4 | **send** | shall | ye | a man |  |  |  | of every tribe of men's fathers | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent man=Theme of tribe=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שְׁלַח־לְךָ֣ אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וְיָתֻ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָד֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֜ד לְמַטֵּ֤ה אֲבֹתָיו֙ תִּשְׁלָ֔חוּ כֹּ֖ל נָשִׂ֥יא בָהֶֽם׃

[Numbers 13:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:488` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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