---
title: Numbers 13:19 (JPS 1917) — and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad;… · tree and pragmatics
description: and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds; Who acts: land, people. Numbers 13:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 13:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** land, people · **What happens:** be, dwell · **To what, where:** camps

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 13:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:506
# text = and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
19	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	20	det	_	_
20	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
26	in	in	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	camps	camp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the land |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dwell** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | people |  |  | camps or strongholds |  | what cities *obl*; dwell *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ הֲטוֹבָ֥ה הִ֖וא אִם־רָעָ֑ה וּמָ֣ה הֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהֵ֔נָּה הַבְּמַֽחֲנִ֖ים אִ֥ם בְּמִבְצָרִֽים׃

[Numbers 13:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:506` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Numbers 13:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.505/)
- next →: [Numbers 13:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.507/)
- ↑ back to [Numbers 13:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.19/)