---
title: Numbers 13:28 (JPS 1917) — Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities… · tree and pragmatics
description: Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified, and very great; and moreover we saw the children of Anak there. Who acts: people, we. Numbers 13:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 13:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified, and very great; and moreover we saw the children of Anak there.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, we · **What happens:** dwell, be, fortify, see · **To what, where:** land, cities, children

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Numbers 13:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:516
# text = Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified, and very great; and moreover we saw the children of Anak there.
1	Howbeit	howbeit	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	very	very	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Anak	Anak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | the people |  |  | the land |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | the people |  |  |  |  | fierce, howbeit *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fortify** | present · passive |  | the cities |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **see** | past | we | the children of Anak |  | there |  | moreover *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֶ֚פֶס כִּֽי־עַ֣ז הָעָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים בְּצֻר֤וֹת גְּדֹלֹת֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְגַם־יְלִדֵ֥י הָֽעֲנָ֖ק רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃

[Numbers 13:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:516` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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