---
title: Numbers 14:36 (JPS 1917) — And the men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, and who, when they… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, and who, when they returned, made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report against the land, Who acts: Moses, men, congregation. Numbers 14:36 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 14:36 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, and who, when they returned, made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report against the land,

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Moses, men, congregation · **What happens:** send, spy out, return, make, murmur, bring up · **To what, where:** men, land, congregation, evil report

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This is Numbers 14:36 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, men, congregation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:559
# text = And the men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, and who, when they returned, made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report against the land,
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	spy	spy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	murmur	murmur	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
27	against	against	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
31	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
36	against	against	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Moses | the men |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
| 2 | **spy out** | to-infinitive | Moses *not said here* | the land |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus |
| 3 | **return** | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | the men | all congregation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **murmur** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | all congregation *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against congregation | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against he=Location |
| 6 | **bring up** | gerund | all congregation *not said here* | a evil report |  |  |  | against the land | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent report=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּשֻׁ֗בוּ וַיַּלִּ֤ינוּ עָלָיו֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לְהוֹצִ֥יא דִבָּ֖ה עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Numbers 14:36: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.36/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:559` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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