---
title: Numbers 14:45 (JPS 1917) — Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah. Who acts: Amalekite. Numbers 14:45 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 14:45 · JPS 1917

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Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah.

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**Who acts:** Amalekite · **What happens:** dwell, come down, smote, beat down · **To what, where:** hill country, Amalekite

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This is Numbers 14:45 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amalekite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:568
# text = Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Amalekite	Amalekite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Canaanite	Canaanite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
12	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	even	even	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Hormah	Hormah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | past | the Amalekite and the Canaanite |  |  | that hill country |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location |
| 2 | **come down** | past | the Amalekite and the Canaanite |  |  |  | then | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **smote** | past | the Amalekite and the Canaanite *not said here* | Amalekite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **beat down** | past | the Amalekite and the Canaanite *not said here* | Amalekite |  |  |  | unto Hormah | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֤רֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה׃פ

[Numbers 14:45: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.45/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:568` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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