---
title: Numbers 16:31 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground did cleave asunder that was under them. Who acts: mouth, LORD, end, ground. Numbers 16:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 16:31 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground did cleave asunder that was under them.

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**Who acts:** mouth, LORD, end, ground · **What happens:** come, pass, make, speak, cleave, be · **To what, where:** end, words · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Numbers 16:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouth, LORD, end, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:640
# text = And it came to pass, as he made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground did cleave asunder that was under them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	cleave	cleave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
23	asunder	asunder	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	under	under	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	acl:relcl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | mouth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | mouth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past | LORD | a end |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a end *not said here* | all words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cleave** | past · do-support | the ground |  |  |  |  | asunder *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | under words *= word* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִי֙ כְּכַלֹּת֔וֹ לְדַבֵּ֕ר אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַתִּבָּקַ֥ע הָאֲדָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּחְתֵּיהֶֽם׃

[Numbers 16:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.16.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:640` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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