---
title: Numbers 19:13 (JPS 1917) — Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself — he hath defiled the tabernacle of the LORD — that soul shall be cut off from Israel; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him. Who a
---

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# Numbers 19:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself — he hath defiled the tabernacle of the LORD — that soul shall be cut off from Israel; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him.

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**Who acts:** Whosoever, man, uncleanness · **What happens:** touch, be, not purify, defile, cut off, not dash · **To what, where:** dead, man, tabernacle, soul, Israel, water

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This is Numbers 19:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whosoever, man, uncleanness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:717
# text = Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself — he hath defiled the tabernacle of the LORD — that soul shall be cut off from Israel; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him.
1	Whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	toucheth	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dead	dead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	purifieth	purify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	defiled	defile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	tabernacle	tabernacle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
30	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	det	_	_
31	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	parataxis	_	_
35	off	off	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	53	punct	_	_
39	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	sprinkling	sprinkling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
45	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	46	advmod	_	_
46	dashed	dash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	53	advcl	_	_
47	against	against	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obl	_	_
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
51	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
52	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	cop	_	_
53	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	parataxis	_	_
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	60	punct	_	_
55	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
56	uncleanness	uncleanness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	nsubj	_	_
57	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	60	cop	_	_
58	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	60	advmod	_	_
59	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
60	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	parataxis	_	_
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | present | Whosoever | the dead |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dead=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | any man |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **purify** | present | Whosoever *not said here* | man |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 4 | **defile** | present · perfect | man | the tabernacle of the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cut off** | shall · passive |  | that soul |  | Israel |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from israel=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **not** **dash** | past · passive |  | the water of sprinkling |  |  |  | against man | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Instrument against he=Patient |
| 7 | **is** | shall | man |  |  |  |  | unclean *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **is** | present | man's uncleanness |  |  |  | yet | upon Israel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כָּֽל־הַנֹּגֵ֡עַ בְּמֵ֣ת בְּנֶפֶשׁ֩ הָאָדָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֜וּת וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֗א אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ טִמֵּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּי֩ מֵ֨י נִדָּ֜ה לֹא־זֹרַ֤ק עָלָיו֙ טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה ע֖וֹד טֻמְאָת֥וֹ בֽוֹ׃

[Numbers 19:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.19.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:717` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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