---
title: Numbers 19:16 (JPS 1917) — And whosoever in the open field toucheth one that is slain with a sw… · tree and pragmatics
description: And whosoever in the open field toucheth one that is slain with a sword, or one that dieth of himself, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days. Who acts: whosoever. Numbers 19:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 19:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And whosoever in the open field toucheth one that is slain with a sword, or one that dieth of himself, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** whosoever · **What happens:** touch, slay, die, be · **To what, where:** one, open field

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This is Numbers 19:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whosoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:720
# text = And whosoever in the open field toucheth one that is slain with a sword, or one that dieth of himself, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
2	whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
7	toucheth	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	csubj	_	_
8	one	one	PRON	NN	_	7	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	one	one	PRON	NN	_	8	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	cop	_	_
36	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
37	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	38	nummod	_	_
38	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl:unmarked	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | present | whosoever | one |  | the open field |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **slay** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | with a sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with sword=Instrument |
| 3 | **die** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of man | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of himself=Causer |
| 4 | **is** | shall |  |  |  |  | day | unclean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֜ע עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּֽחֲלַל־חֶ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בְמֵ֔ת אֽוֹ־בְעֶ֥צֶם אָדָ֖ם א֣וֹ בְקָ֑בֶר יִטְמָ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃

[Numbers 19:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.19.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:720` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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