---
title: Numbers 20:20 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Thou shalt not pass through.' And Edom came out agains… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Thou shalt not pass through.' And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand. Who acts: hurt, Thou, Edom. Numbers 20:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 20:20 · JPS 1917

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And he said: 'Thou shalt not pass through.' And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand.

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**Who acts:** hurt, Thou, Edom · **What happens:** say, not pass through, come out · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Numbers 20:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hurt, Thou, Edom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:746
# text = And he said: 'Thou shalt not pass through.' And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
6	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
7	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	through	through	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
13	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	out	out	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | hurt |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **pass through** | shall | Thou |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come out** | past | Edom |  |  |  |  | against hurt; with much people and a strong hand; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֑ר וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֱדוֹם֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ בְּעַ֥ם כָּבֵ֖ד וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃

[Numbers 20:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.20.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:746` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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