--- title: Numbers 22:23 (JPS 1917) — And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his… · tree and pragmatics description: And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field; and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way. Who acts: ass, angel, Balaam. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ass, angel, Balaam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NUM:814 # text = And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field; and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 ass ass NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 angel angel NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 with with ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 18 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 ass ass NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 aside aside ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 out out ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 35 into into ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 Balaam Balaam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 smote smite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 ass ass NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 to to PART TO _ 46 mark _ _ 46 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 advcl _ _ 47 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 obj _ _ 48 into into ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | the ass | the angel of the LORD | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer angel=Stimulus | | 2 | **stand** | gerund | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | | | the way | | with ass's sword | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in way=Location | | 3 | **draw** | participle | | ass's sword *not said here* | | ass's hand | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in hand=Destination | | 4 | **turn** | past | the ass | | | the way | | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme out way=Trajectory | | 5 | **go** | past | the ass *not said here* | | | the field | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into field=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **smite** | past | Balaam | the ass | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ass=Experiencer | | 7 | **turn** | to-infinitive | Balaam *not said here* | anger | | the way | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent she=Theme into way=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָאָתוֹן֩ אֶת־מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤ט הָֽאָתוֹן֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בִּלְעָם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָת֔וֹן לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ [Numbers 22:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:814` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Numbers 22:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.813/) - next →: [Numbers 22:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.815/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 22:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.23/)