--- title: Numbers 22:31 (JPS 1917) — Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the… · tree and pragmatics description: Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face. Who acts: LORD, angel, Balaam. Numbers 22:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.822/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/22/) / [22:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.31/) / JPS 1 # Numbers 22:31 · JPS 1917 Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face. **Who acts:** LORD, angel, Balaam · **What happens:** open, see, stand, draw, bow, fall · **To what, where:** eyes, angel, way, sword, hand, head This is Numbers 22:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, angel, Balaam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:NUM:822 # text = Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 opened open VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Balaam Balaam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 angel angel NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 26 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 bowed bow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 39 on on ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **open** | past | the LORD | the eyes of Balaam | | | then | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eye=Theme | | 2 | **see** | past | LORD | the angel of the LORD | | | | with Balaam's sword | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer angel=Stimulus | | 3 | **stand** | gerund | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | | | the way | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in way=Location | | 4 | **draw** | participle | | Balaam's sword *not said here* | | Balaam's hand | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in hand=Destination | | 5 | **bow** | past | Balaam | Balaam's head | | | | | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Topic | | 6 | **fall** | past | Balaam *not said here* | | | Balaam's face | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on face=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְגַ֣ל יְהוָה֮ אֶת־עֵינֵ֣י בִלְעָם֒ וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלֻפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיִּקֹּ֥ד וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לְאַפָּֽיו׃ [Numbers 22:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:822` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Numbers 22:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.821/) - next →: [Numbers 22:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.823/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 22:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.31/)