---
title: Numbers 24:2 (JPS 1917) — And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling tribe by t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling tribe by tribe; and the spirit of God came upon him. Who acts: Balaam, Israel, spirit. Numbers 24:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Numbers 24:2 · JPS 1917

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And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling tribe by tribe; and the spirit of God came upon him.

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**Who acts:** Balaam, Israel, spirit · **What happens:** lift up, see, dwell, come · **To what, where:** eyes, Israel, tribe

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This is Numbers 24:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Balaam, Israel, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NUM:868
# text = And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling tribe by tribe; and the spirit of God came upon him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	dwelling	dwell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
13	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | Balaam | Balaam's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | Balaam | Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **dwell** | gerund | Israel *not said here* | tribe by tribe |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | the spirit of God |  |  |  |  | upon Balaam | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשָּׂ֨א בִלְעָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֹׁכֵ֖ן לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֥י עָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִֽים׃

[Numbers 24:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.24.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NUM:868` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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