---
title: Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French… — Abidjan · tree and pragmatics
description: Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French) is truly a native tongue, along with Libreville, Gabon. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abidjan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Abidjan, sentence 205

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From Wikipedia, [«Abidjan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French) is truly a native tongue, along with Libreville, Gabon.

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**What happens:** recognize, be · **To what, where:** Abidjan, native tongue

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abidjan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abidjan:205
# text = Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French) is truly a native tongue, along with Libreville, Gabon.
1	Abidjan	Abidjan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	recognized	recognize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	advcl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
13	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	colloquial	colloquial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
16	Abidjan	Abidjan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
20	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	along	along	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Libreville	Libreville	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Gabon	Gabon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recognize** | present · passive |  | Abidjan |  |  |  | as one of the few areas in Africa | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as one=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a native tongue |  |  |  | Libreville *appos*; truly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abidjan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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