---
title: A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a… — Abidjan · tree and pragmatics
description: A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation. Who acts: high level. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abidjan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Abidjan, sentence 3

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From Wikipedia, [«Abidjan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation.

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**Who acts:** high level · **What happens:** characteris · **To what, where:** cultural crossroads

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abidjan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high level), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abidjan:3
# text = A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crossroads	crossroad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	Abidjan	Abidjan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	characterised	characteris	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	industrialisation	industrialisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	urbanisation	urbanisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **characteris** | present · passive | a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation | a cultural crossroads of West Africa |  |  |  | Abidjan *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abidjan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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