---
title: The campaign of ethnic cleansing also included Russians, Armenians,… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics
description: The campaign of ethnic cleansing also included Russians, Armenians, Greeks, moderate Abkhaz and other minor ethnic groups living in Abkhazia. Who acts: campaign, other minor ethnic groups, ethnic cleansing. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Abkhazia, sentence 225

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From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The campaign of ethnic cleansing also included Russians, Armenians, Greeks, moderate Abkhaz and other minor ethnic groups living in Abkhazia.

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**Who acts:** campaign, other minor ethnic groups, ethnic cleansing · **What happens:** include, live, campaign · **To what, where:** Russians, Abkhazia

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (campaign, other minor ethnic groups, ethnic cleansing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:225
# text = The campaign of ethnic cleansing also included Russians, Armenians, Greeks, moderate Abkhaz and other minor ethnic groups living in Abkhazia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cleansing	cleansing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	included	include	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Russians	Russian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Armenians	Armenian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	moderate	moderate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Abkhaz	Abkhaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
21	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | past | the campaign of ethnic cleansing | Russians  moderate Abkhaz and other minor ethnic groups and Armenians and Greeks |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent russian=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | other minor ethnic groups *not said here* |  |  | Abkhazia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in abkhazia=Location |
| 3 | **campaign** |  | ethnic cleansing |  |  |  |  |  | nom campaign «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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