---
title: Nevertheless, between 40,000 and 60,000 refugees have returned to th… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics
description: Nevertheless, between 40,000 and 60,000 refugees have returned to the Gali District since 1998, including persons commuting daily across the ceasefire line and those migrating seasonally in accordance with agricultural cycles. Who acts: persons. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependen
---

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# Abkhazia, sentence 231

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From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Nevertheless, between 40,000 and 60,000 refugees have returned to the Gali District since 1998, including persons commuting daily across the ceasefire line and those migrating seasonally in accordance with agricultural cycles.

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**Who acts:** persons · **What happens:** return, commute, migrate · **To what, where:** 40,000 refugees, Gali District, ceasefire line, accordance

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (persons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:231
# text = Nevertheless, between 40,000 and 60,000 refugees have returned to the Gali District since 1998, including persons commuting daily across the ceasefire line and those migrating seasonally in accordance with agricultural cycles.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	between	between	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	40,000	40000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	60,000	60000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
7	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Gali	Gali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	District	District	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	since	since	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1998	1998	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	including	including	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
19	commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	daily	daily	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	across	across	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	conj	_	_
27	migrating	migrate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	seasonally	seasonally	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	accordance	accordance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	cycles	cycle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | present · perfect · passive |  | 40,000 refugees | the Gali District |  | since 1998 | including persons  those | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to district=Destination |
| 2 | **commute** | gerund | persons  those *not said here* |  |  | the ceasefire line |  | daily *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **migrate** | gerund |  | accordance |  |  |  | with agricultural cycles | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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