--- title: The strong reliance on Russian financial assistance has created a fo… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics description: The strong reliance on Russian financial assistance has created a form of "rent addiction", as largely unconditional aid has fostered expectations of continued external support among both regional authorities and residents, reducing incentives for economic self-sufficiency, with authorities relying --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/318/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Abkhazia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/) / 318 # Abkhazia, sentence 318 From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. The strong reliance on Russian financial assistance has created a form of "rent addiction", as largely unconditional aid has fostered expectations of continued external support among both regional authorities and residents, reducing incentives for economic self-sufficiency, with authorities relying on external financing for public functions and citizens benefiting from Russian pensions and other social payments that exceed the levels that the budget of Abkhazia could provide. **Who acts:** authorities, public functions, other social payments, budget, Abkhazia · **What happens:** create, foster, continue, reduce, rely, benefit · **To what, where:** strong reliance, unconditional aid, incentives, Russian pensions, levels, rent addiction This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (authorities, public functions, other social payments, budget), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:318 # text = The strong reliance on Russian financial assistance has created a form of "rent addiction", as largely unconditional aid has fostered expectations of continued external support among both regional authorities and residents, reducing incentives for economic self-sufficiency, with authorities relying on external financing for public functions and citizens benefiting from Russian pensions and other social payments that exceed the levels that the budget of Abkhazia could provide. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 reliance reliance NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 financial financial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 assistance assistance NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 8 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 created create VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 14 rent rent NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 addiction addiction NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 as as SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 19 largely largely ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 unconditional unconditional ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 aid aid NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 fostered foster VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 24 expectations expectation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 continued continue VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 amod _ _ 27 external external ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 support support NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 29 among among ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 32 det _ _ 31 regional regional ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 authorities authority NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 residents resident NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 reducing reduce VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 37 incentives incentive NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 38 for for ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 39 economic economic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 40 self self NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 sufficiency sufficiency NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 with with ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 authorities authority NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 46 relying rely VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 45 acl _ _ 47 on on ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 external external ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 financing financing NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 50 for for ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 public public ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 52 functions function NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obl _ _ 53 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 citizens citizen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 conj _ _ 55 benefiting benefit VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 52 acl _ _ 56 from from ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 57 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 58 amod _ _ 58 pensions pension NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 obl _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 60 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 61 social social ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 62 payments payment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 58 conj _ _ 63 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 64 nsubj _ _ 64 exceed exceed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 62 acl:relcl _ _ 65 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 66 det _ _ 66 levels level NOUN NNS Number=Plur 64 obj _ _ 67 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 73 obj _ _ 68 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 69 det _ _ 69 budget budget NOUN NN Number=Sing 73 nsubj _ _ 70 of of ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 71 Abkhazia Abkhazia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 69 nmod _ _ 72 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 73 aux _ _ 73 provide provide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 66 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 74 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **create** | present · perfect · passive | | the strong reliance on Russian financial assistance | | | | a form of rent addiction *obj*; authorities *conj* | tree rules | | 2 | **foster** | present · perfect · passive | | unconditional aid | | | | among both regional authorities and residents; expectations of continued external support *obj* | tree rules | | 3 | **continue** | participle | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **reduce** | gerund | | incentives | | | | for economic self sufficiency | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer incentive=Patient | | 5 | **rely** | gerund | authorities *not said here* | | | | | for public functions and citizens; on external financing | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on financing=Theme | | 6 | **benefit** | gerund | public functions and citizens *not said here* | | | Russian pensions and other social payments | | | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Beneficiary from pension=Causer | | 7 | **exceed** | present | other social payments | the levels | | | | | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot level=Theme | | 8 | **provide** | could | the budget of Abkhazia | the levels | | | | | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition that=Theme | | 9 | **form** | | | rent addiction | | | | | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient | | 10 | **expect** | | | continued external support | | | | | nom expectation «cognition transitive»: of=patient | | 11 | **budget** | | Abkhazia | | | | | | nom budget «possession intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 317](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/317/) - next →: [sentence 319](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/319/) - ↑ back to [Abkhazia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/)