---
title: Russia has issued passports to the citizens of Abkhazia since 2000 (… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics
description: Russia has issued passports to the citizens of Abkhazia since 2000 (as Abkhazian passports cannot be used for international travel) and subsequently paid them retirement pensions and other monetary benefits. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/334/)

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# Abkhazia, sentence 334

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From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Russia has issued passports to the citizens of Abkhazia since 2000 (as Abkhazian passports cannot be used for international travel) and subsequently paid them retirement pensions and other monetary benefits.

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**What happens:** issue, not use, pay · **To what, where:** Russia, Abkhazian passports

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:334
# text = Russia has issued passports to the citizens of Abkhazia since 2000 (as Abkhazian passports cannot be used for international travel) and subsequently paid them retirement pensions and other monetary benefits.
1	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	passports	passport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	since	since	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
14	Abkhazian	abkhazian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	passports	passport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	retirement	retirement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	pensions	pension	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
32	monetary	monetary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	benefits	benefit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **issue** | present · perfect · passive |  | Russia |  |  | since 2000 | to the citizens of Abkhazia; passports *obj* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal passport=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **use** | can · passive |  | Abkhazian passports |  |  |  | for international travel | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for travel=Eventuality |
| 3 | **pay** | past |  | Russia |  |  |  | retirement pensions and other monetary benefits *obj*; subsequently *property* | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient pension=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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