---
title: By 2007, when Russia still officially recognised Georgia's territori… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics
description: By 2007, when Russia still officially recognised Georgia's territorial integrity, Russia had already expanded its influence in Abkhazia by deepening the region's economic dependence on Russia. Who acts: Russia. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Abkhazia, sentence 338

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From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By 2007, when Russia still officially recognised Georgia's territorial integrity, Russia had already expanded its influence in Abkhazia by deepening the region's economic dependence on Russia.

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**Who acts:** Russia · **What happens:** recognise, expand, deepen · **To what, where:** territorial integrity, influence, Abkhazia, economic dependence, Russia

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:338
# text = By 2007, when Russia still officially recognised Georgia's territorial integrity, Russia had already expanded its influence in Abkhazia by deepening the region's economic dependence on Russia.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2007	2007	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
9	Georgia	Georgia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	territorial	territorial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	integrity	integrity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	already	already	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	expanded	expand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	deepening	deepen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	's	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	dependence	dependence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recognise** | participle | Russia | Georgia's territorial integrity |  |  | still | officially *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer integrity=Stimulus |
| 2 | **expand** | past · perfect | Russia | integrity's influence |  | Abkhazia |  | by 2007 | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |
| 3 | **deepen** | gerund | Russia *not said here* | the region's economic dependence |  | Russia |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dependence=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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