--- title: The Georgian refugees from Abkhazia, ethnically cleansed by Russian-… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics description: The Georgian refugees from Abkhazia, ethnically cleansed by Russian-backed Abkhaz troops in the 1992-93 war, voted against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum (held outside of the territories controlled by the separatist forces). A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/416/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Abkhazia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/) / 416 # Abkhazia, sentence 416 From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. The Georgian refugees from Abkhazia, ethnically cleansed by Russian-backed Abkhaz troops in the 1992-93 war, voted against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum (held outside of the territories controlled by the separatist forces). **What happens:** cleanse, back, vote, hold, control · **To what, where:** Georgian refugees, Abkhaz troops, 1992-93 war, 1996 referendum, territories This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:416 # text = The Georgian refugees from Abkhazia, ethnically cleansed by Russian-backed Abkhaz troops in the 1992-93 war, voted against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum (held outside of the territories controlled by the separatist forces). 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Georgian georgian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 refugees refugee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Abkhazia Abkhazia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 ethnically ethnically ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 cleansed cleanse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 by by SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 10 Russian Russian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 11 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 backed back VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 13 Abkhaz Abkhaz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 12 obj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 1992-93 1992-93 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 voted vote VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 21 against against ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 region region NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 24 's 's PART POS _ 23 case _ _ 25 secession secession NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 1996 1996 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 referendum referendum NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 30 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 held hold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 acl _ _ 32 outside outside ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 territories territory NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 36 controlled control VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 acl _ _ 37 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 separatist separatist NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 forces force NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cleanse** | participle · passive | | the Georgian refugees from Abkhazia | | | | ethnically *property* | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **back** | participle | | Abkhaz troops | | the 1992-93 war | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent troops=Theme in war=Trajectory | | 3 | **vote** | past | | | | | | against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hold** | participle | | the 1996 referendum *not said here* | | the territories | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside territory=Location | | 5 | **control** | participle | | the territories *not said here* | | | | by the separatist forces | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 415](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/415/) - next →: [sentence 417](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/417/) - ↑ back to [Abkhazia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/)