---
title: The law says that the Russian Federation – the state that has carrie… — Abkhazia · tree and pragmatics
description: The law says that the Russian Federation – the state that has carried out military occupation – is fully responsible for the violation of human rights in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Who acts: law, Russian Federation. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Abkhazia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Abkhazia, sentence 428

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From Wikipedia, [«Abkhazia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The law says that the Russian Federation – the state that has carried out military occupation – is fully responsible for the violation of human rights in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

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**Who acts:** law, Russian Federation · **What happens:** say, carry out, be, violate · **To what, where:** state, human rights · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (law, Russian Federation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Abkhazia:428
# text = The law says that the Russian Federation – the state that has carried out military occupation – is fully responsible for the violation of human rights in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	amod	_	_
7	Federation	Federation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
8	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	occupation	occupation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	violation	violation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	Ossetia	Ossetia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the law |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **carry out** | present · perfect · passive |  | the state |  |  |  | military occupation *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the Russian Federation |  |  |  |  | for the violation of human rights in Abkhazia and South; fully, responsible *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **violate** |  |  | human rights in Abkhazia and South |  |  |  |  | nom violation «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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