---
title: This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of civil war by… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of civil war by 1979, waged by guerrilla mujahideen (and smaller Maoist guerrillas) against regime forces countrywide. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 145

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of civil war by 1979, waged by guerrilla mujahideen (and smaller Maoist guerrillas) against regime forces countrywide.

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**What happens:** cause, expand, wage · **To what, where:** state, caused unrest

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:145
# text = This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of civil war by 1979, waged by guerrilla mujahideen (and smaller Maoist guerrillas) against regime forces countrywide.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	unrest	unrest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	expanded	expand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1979	1979	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	waged	wage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	guerrilla	guerrilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	mujahideen	mujahideen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
23	Maoist	maoist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	guerrillas	guerrilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
26	against	against	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	regime	regime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
29	countrywide	countrywide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **expand** | participle |  |  |  | a state of civil war |  | by 1979; quickly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **wage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by guerrilla mujahideen | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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