---
title: Aśvakan literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "cavalrymen… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Aśvakan literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "cavalrymen" (from aśva, the Sanskrit and Avestan words for "horse"). Who acts: Aśvakan. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 30

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Aśvakan literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "cavalrymen" (from aśva, the Sanskrit and Avestan words for "horse").

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**Who acts:** Aśvakan · **What happens:** mean · **To what, where:** horsemen

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aśvakan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:30
# text = Aśvakan literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "cavalrymen" (from aśva, the Sanskrit and Avestan words for "horse").
1	Aśvakan	Aśvakan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	breeders	breeder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	cavalrymen	cavalryman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	aśva	aśva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Avestan	Avestan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Aśvakan | horsemen and horse breeders |  |  |  | cavalrymen *parataxis*; literally *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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