---
title: Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $1.5 billion in telecom investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003. Who acts: Improvements. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 391

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $1.5 billion in telecom investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003.

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**Who acts:** Improvements · **What happens:** result, create · **To what, where:** 100,000 jobs

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Improvements), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:391
# text = Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $1.5 billion in telecom investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003.
1	Improvements	improvement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	environment	environment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	11	advmod	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	$	$	SYM	$	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	1.5	1.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	telecom	telecom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	investment	investment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	created	create	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	21	advmod	_	_
20	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	100,000	100000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
23	since	since	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	2003	2003	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | present · perfect | Improvements to the business environment |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in $=Location |
| 2 | **create** | past | Improvements to the business environment *not said here* | 100,000 jobs |  |  | since 2003 |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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