---
title: By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtual… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users. Who acts: telecommunications, sector. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with i
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 463

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users.

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**Who acts:** telecommunications, sector · **What happens:** follow, be, grow · **To what, where:** non-existent sector

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (telecommunications, sector), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:463
# text = By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	2001	2001	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	civil	civil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	telecommunications	telecommunication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	virtually	virtually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	non-existent	non-existent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	sector	sector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	$	$	SYM	$	_	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	compound	_	_
26	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
27	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	22	22	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	compound	_	_
31	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
32	mobile	mobile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	subscribers	subscriber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	compound	_	_
37	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
38	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	users	user	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | telecommunications | a non-existent sector |  |  | year | virtually *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | past · perfect | sector |  |  |  |  | by 2016; to a $ industry *result*; with million mobile phone subscribers and million internet users | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient by 2016=Extent to industry=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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